# Understanding Non-Base 10 Systems

In base-10, place values correspond to powers of 10, for example:

In base-b, place values correspond to powers of b:

### Base-5

Base-5 uses the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 to represent any number. In base-5, we start by counting 1, 2, 3, 4. At 5, however, we must write 105 (base-5 does not use the digit “5”):

${10}_{5}=\left(1×{5}^{1}\right)+\left(1×{5}^{0}\right)$

Here’s how we write to up to 10 in base-5.

Q1.   Convert 43025 to decimal notation.

Q2.   Write 384 as a base-5 numeral.

Q4.   Subtract 4245 − 1435

Q5.   Multiply 1345 × 325

Q6.   Perform the division 41325 ÷ 235

### Base-8

The base-8 or octal system uses the digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Notice that this time the digit “8” isn’t being used. The counting pattern is:

### Base-16

The base-16 or hexadecimal system uses the digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

The counting pattern is:

### Base-2 (Binary)

The base-2 or binary system uses the digits: 0, 1. The counting pattern is:

Q1.   Write the binary command 1011001101011110 using octal notation.

Q2.   Write the binary command 1011001101011110 using hexadecimal notation.